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Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5 Patient 6 Patient 7 Patient 8 Patient 9 Patient 10 Patient 11 Patient 12 Patient 13

Annotated Compare

Cardiology Murmurs

Aortic Regurgitation

Soft, decrescendo murmur that starts right at S2 and trails off (turbulence is highest in early diastole when the pressure gradient between the aorta and LV is highest).
Murmur may be best heard with the patient leaning forward, holding their breath after a full exhalation.
This murmur is classically associated with a wide pulse pressure, due to the larger than normal cardiac output (blood coming from both the left atrium and the blood leaking back from the aorta). The diastolic pressure is lower as blood is running off in both directions, and the vasculature peripherally is open to accommodate the increased forward flow (autoregulation). This causes the classic water hammer pulse, which can be felt in the radial pulse, and the Corrigan’s pulse (a large, bounding carotid pulse)

Patient 2

This is an older man with an aortic root aneurysm complicated by moderate to severe aortic regurgitation.

This patient also has Corrigan’s pulse, a bounding peripheral pulse, bisferiens pulse, and de Musset’s sign.

Aortic Regurgitation

Annotated

Aortic Regurgitation

Annotated

This patient also has

Related signs

Austin Flint Murmur