Mitral Regurgitation

The MR Murmur is classically holosystolic (from S1 all the way to S2), plateau-shaped. Louder with increased afterload (hand grip or BP cuffs). Loudest at the apex, radiates to the axilla (except in isolated posterior leaflet MR, where it radiates anteriorly to the tricuspid area).

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Patient 13

This is an older woman with a mechanical aortic valve and severe mitral regurgitation.