Aortic Stenosis

This murmur is systolic, crescendo-decrescendo in shape, harsh in quality, located in the sash distribution (clavicle to apex), and radiates to clavicle or neck. Causes are usually calcification in older patients (age > 50) and congenital bicuspid valve in younger patients (age < 50).

Card Tutorial

Patient 9

This is an older man with severe aortic stenosis. Note the presence of Gallivardin’s phenomenon (radiation to apex with musical quality).